Protein methylation is a very diverse, widespread and important post-translational modification affecting all aspects of cellular biology in eukaryotes. Methylation on the side chain of lysine residues in histones has received considerable attention due to its major role in chromatin structure and the epigenetic regulation of gene expression„ However, evidence of lysine methylation-driven regulation has been obtained for a number of non-histone proteins since the turn of the 21st century„This modification has been shown to regulate protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions, protein stability, subcellular localization or enzyme activity in essential cellular processes including transcription, protein synthesis, signal transduction and metabolism.
