GDF-15，总 ELISA-GDF-15, Total ELISA代理/参数/厂家-ELISA试剂盒-艾美捷科技有限公司

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中文名称: GDF-15，总 ELISA

英文名字: GDF-15, Total ELISA

供应商: Ansh Labs

产品货号: AL-1014

产品报价: ￥询价/96wellmicrotiter

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背景资料: Growth/differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15, also called as MIC-1, NAG-1 and NRG-1, Uniprot: Q99988) is a divergent member of the TGF-b superfamily of growth factors. It is encoded in humans by a gene in chromosome 19. The human GDF-15 gene encodes for a protein of 308 amino acid residues which consists of a signal sequence (residues 1-29), pro-domain (30-194) and mature growth factor domain (195-308). The protein is secreted from the producing cell and the precursor containing the pro- and mature domains is proteolytically processed by furin-like protease, typically in the Golgi complex, but sometimes also an unprocessed protein is secreted. Two mature domains dimerize forming a typical TGF-b-like structure with four b-strands and an a-helix in each protomer, with an interfacial disulfide stabilizing the mature growth factor. The molecular weight of a mature GDF-15 dimer is 25 kDa.
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nMature GDF-15 has its dedicated GFRAL transmembrane receptor which is found only in very restricted area in the hindbrain. GFRAL facilitates GDF-15 signaling through Ret receptor tyrosine kinase, similar to GDNF subfamily of growth factors.
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nApproximately 25% of humans have a missense polymorphism in GDF-15 gene resulting in mutation of histidine 202 to aspartate (histidine 6 in the mature domain), close to the N-terminus of the mature growth factor. This variant is associated with phenotypes in prostate cancer, hyperemesis gravidarum, (severe morning sickness in pregnancy) and rheumatoid arthritis. The underlying mechanism and significance of these associations is still unclear though.
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nGDF-15 expression in healthy subjects is abundant in placenta, followed by the prostate and very low levels in the bladder, kidney, colon, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and endometrium1-3. GDF-15 is expressed by cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells4. High circulating GDF-15 concentration are in general related to inflammation, myocardial ischemia, and cancer except for in pregnancies. It is often induced under stress to maintain cell and tissue homeostasis5-6.
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nGDF-15 is proposed as a diagnostic biomarker in colorectal7-8, ovarian9, early-stage lung cancer8,10. It is shown to be an accurate marker for differentiating pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis11. It has also shown to be a potential biomarker to aid in the discrimination between prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia12-14, studied as a biomarker for disease prognosis and as an emerging target for cancer immunotherapy15. Neutralizing antibodies against GDF-15 has been studied to revert the weight loss in animal models of cancer-related cachexia15-17.
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nReferences:
n1. Kamiya R, Asakura S. Helical transformations of Salmonella flagella in vitro. J Mol Biol. (1976) 106:167–86. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90306-5
n2. Nazarova NY, Chikhirzhina GI, Tuohimaa P. Calcitriol induces transcription of the placental transforming growth factor β gene in prostate cancer cells via an androgen-independent mechanism. Mol Biol. (2006) 40:72–6. doi: 10.1134/S0026893306010110.
n3. Uhlen M, Fagerberg L, Hallstrom BM, Lindskog C, Oksvold P, Mardinoglu A, et al. Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science. (2015) 347:1260419. doi: 10.1126/science.1260419.
n4. Tsai VWW, Husaini Y, Sainsbury A, Brown DA, Breit SN. The MIC-1/GDF15-GFRAL pathway in energy homeostasis: implications for obesity, cachexia, and other associated diseases. Cell Metab. (2018) 28:353–68. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.018
n5. Adela R, Banerjee SK. GDF-15 as a target and biomarker for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a translational prospective. J Diabetes Res. (2015) 2015:490842. doi: 10.1155/2015/490842
n6. Guenancia C, Kahli A, Laurent G, Hachet O, Malapert G, Grosjean S, et al. Pre-operative growth differentiation factor 15 as a novel biomarker of acute kidney injury after cardiac bypass surgery. Int J Cardiol. (2015) 197:66–71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.012.
n7. Li C, Wang J, Kong J, Tang J, Wu Y, Xu E, et al. GDF15 promotes EMT and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. (2016) 7:860–72. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6205.
n8. Wang X, Yang Z, Tian H, Li Y, Li M, Zhao W, et al. Circulating MIC-1/GDF15 is a complementary screening biomarker with CEA and correlates with liver metastasis and poor survival in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. (2017) 8:24892–901. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.15279.
n9. Zhao D, Wang X, Zhang W. GDF15 predict platinum response during first-line chemotherapy and can act as a complementary diagnostic serum biomarker with CA125 in epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer. (2018) 18:328. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-4246-4.
n10. Liu YN, Wang XB, Wang T, Zhang C, Zhang KP, Zhi XY, et al. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in stage I and II nonsmall cell lung cancer. Chin Med J. (2016) 129:2026–32. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.189052.
n11. Hogendorf P, Durczynski A, Skulimowski A, Kumor A, Poznanska G, Strzelczyk J. Growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) concentration combined with Ca125 levels in serum is superior to commonly used cancer biomarkers in differentiation of pancreatic mass. Cancer Biomark. (2018) 21:505–11. doi: 10.3233/CBM-170203.
n12. Gronberg H, Adolfsson J, Aly M, Nordstrom T, Wiklund P, Brandberg Y, et al. Prostate cancer screening in men aged 50-69 years (STHLM3): a prospective population-based diagnostic study. Lancet Oncol. (2015) 16:1667–76. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00361-7.
n13. Li J, Veltri RW, Yuan Z, Christudass CS, Mandecki W. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 biomarker serum immunoassay in combination with PSA is a more specific diagnostic tool for detection of prostate cancer. PLoS ONE. (2015) 10:e0122249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122249.
n14. Bansal N, Kumar D, Gupta A, Chandra D, Sankhwar SN, Mandhani A. Relevance of MIC-1 in the era of PSA as a serum based predictor of prostate cancer: a critical evaluation. Sci Rep. (2017) 7:16824. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17207-2.
n15. Lerner L, Tao J, Liu Q, Nicoletti R, Feng B, Krieger B, et al. MAP3K11/GDF15 axis is a critical driver of cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Musc. (2016) 7:467–82. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12077
n16. Chrysovergis K, Wang X, Kosak J, Lee SH, Kim JS, Foley JF, et al. NAG-1/GDF-15 prevents obesity by increasing thermogenesis, lipolysis and oxidative metabolism. Int J Obes. (2014) 38:1555–64. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.27
n17. Tran T, Yang J, Gardner J, Xiong Y. GDF15 deficiency promotes high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. PLoS ONE. (2018) 13:e0201584. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201584
n18. HHS Publication, 5th ed., 2007. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. Available http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/ publications/bmbl5/BMBL5
n19. Approved Guideline – Procedures for the Handling and Processing of Blood Specimens, H18-A3. 2004. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
n20. Kricka L. Interferences in immunoassays – still a threat. Clin Chem 2000; 46: 1037–1038.

产品描述: The Total GDF-15 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit provides materials for the quantitative measurement of human GDF-15 in human serum, urine, and other biological fluids. The assay detects total GDF-15 including histidine 202 to aspartate mutation (HH, HD & DD variant) in the mature domain.

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保存建议: Store at 2 to 8°C until expiration date.

其他: Ansh labs是开发和生产免疫检测试剂盒和定制生物技术检测产领创者，总部位于美国休斯敦，公司产品遍及全球80多个国家。公司于2011年成立，核心团队来自于Diagnostic system laboratory，专注于女性健康和激素检测领域近40年，拥有全球领先的核心技术，以及多年经验生物技术研发经验的科学家团队，产品覆盖生殖健康，高危妊娠，肿瘤，糖尿病等多个疾病领域，围绕最新的免疫分析技术，多种蛋白和单克隆抗体，如AMH，BMP-15, Follistatin, GDF-9, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5, Inhibin Alpha, Inhibin ?A, Inhibin ?B, MBP, PAPP-A, PAPP-A2 and Vitamin D.等几十余种试剂产品，也同时涵盖小鼠，大鼠，狗，羊，牛等灵长类多个物种的独特的物种特异性的试剂。 Ansh labs 坐落于美国德克萨斯州，是目前世界上唯一能提供TGF-β超家族所有成员的检测公司，也是最早专注激素类产品研究和新型免疫检测技术的先驱者。优势产品涉及TGF-β super family、AMH/抑制素B(human/animal)、full panel IGFs、以及最完整的胰高血糖素系列。