Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating cell migration，adhesion，spreading，reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton，formation and disassembly of focal adhesions and cell protrusions，cell cycle progression，cell proliferation and apoptosis. Required for early embryonic development and placenta development. Required for embryonic angiogenesis，normal cardiomyocyte migration and proliferation，and normal heart development. Regulates axon growth and neuronal cell migration，axon branching and synapse formation; required for normal development of the nervous system. Plays a role in osteogenesis and differentiation of osteoblasts. Functions in integrin signal transduction，but also in signaling downstream of numerous growth factor receptors，G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR)，EPHA2，netrin receptors and LDL receptors. Forms multisubunit signaling complexes with SRC and SRC family members upon activation; this leads to the phosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues，creating binding sites for scaffold proteins，effectors and substrates. Regulates numerous signaling pathways. Promotes activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the AKT1 signaling cascade. Promotes activation of MAPK1/ERK2，MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling cascade. Promotes localized and transient activation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs)，and thereby modulates the activity of Rho family GTPases.
