Histones are nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. The basic structure is a 146bp strand of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer containing pairs of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). Histones are subjected to numerous post-translational modifications including citrullination (de-immination). Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. H1 also acts as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation. Citrullination is necessary for the development of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) (hyper-citrullination of histones by PAD4).{28015,28019} NETs are a part of the inflammatory response, and neutrophils use NETs to trap and eradicate bacteria and fungi. Failure to clear citrullinated proteins and NET components following inflammation can result in the production of autoantibodies and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs).{28017} The persistence of these antibodies and citrullinated proteins is associated with a number of human disease including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS).{28018} The ability to effectively detect the presence of citrullinated proteins is difficult and presents a barrier to further the understanding of these pathologies. Cayman's Histone H1.4 (Citrullinated R53) Polyclonal Antibody detects citrullinated human H1 by western blot, and does not detect unmodified H1 within core histones. The target identity of this antibody was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry.
应用类型
WB
免疫原
Synthetic peptide from human Histone H1.4 citrullinated at R53
