At least five CD1 genes (CD1a，b，c，d，and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein，expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. Anti-CD1a labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X)，extranodal histiocytic sarcoma，a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia，and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibodies against TTF-1 and CD5，anti-CD1a is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since CD1a is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas，but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. Anti-CD1a is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).
