5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a DNA pyrimidine nitrogen base. It is formed from the DNA base cytosine by adding a methyl group and then a hydroxy group. It is important in epigenetics, because the hydroxymethyl group on the cytosine can possibly switch a gene on and off. It was first seen in bacteriophages in 1952.[1][2] However, in 2009 it was found to be abundant in human and mouse brains,[3] as well as in embryonic stem cells.[4] In mammals, it can be generated by oxidation of 5-methylcytosine, a reaction mediated by the Tet family of enzymes. 5-Hydroxymethylcytidine is a product in DNA hydroxymethylation. The concentrations of 5-Hydroxymethylcytidine in the brain were used to study Alzheimer’s disease.Appearance:White to off-white powderPurity:As reportedIdentity (1H NMR):Conforms to structureMelting Point:>210°C (dec.)Solubility:DMSO (Slightly), Water (Slightly)Density:1.92±0.1g/cm3 (20ºC 760Torr)Storage:4°C. Hygroscopic. Keep tightly closed and desiccated under inert atmosphere.
