类器官培养与功能研究,是酶解技术在发育生物学、肿瘤学、再生医学及精准医学等领域的核心应用方向。酶介导的组织消化与解离,作为类器官原代制备、体外扩增及细胞分离的关键步骤,已在各类器官源性类器官研究中被广泛使用,但针对不同类器官的酶解作用适配机制、最佳解离条件的精准把控,仍为科研实践中的重点难点。
研究人员在检索类器官消化的适配酶种、最优浓度及配套培养体系的相关科学文献时,往往会遇到实验方案不统一、数据结果相互矛盾的问题。这种差异主要源于类器官的物种来源、组织源性差异,以及类器官自身细胞组成和基质结构的复杂性,同时也与酶制剂的选择、使用浓度及解离操作条件的不同密切相关。
艾美捷汇总了 Worthington 针对不同物种、不同类型类器官的酶解消化方案,明确了适配的消化酶种类、使用浓度及配套的培养基体系,同时附列了对应的经典研究文献参考。本类器官组织表为类器官的消化解离操作提供了标准化的实验参考依据,为科研人员建立专属的类器官酶解方案提供了合乎逻辑的实验思路,并通过详实的类器官特异性参考资料,助力开发稳定、有效的类器官消化解离方法。更多其他组织的解离指南,点击查看:各组织分离指南。

| 物种 | 类器官 / 细胞类型 | 消化酶及浓度 | 培养基 | 参考文献 |
| 人类 | 肺类器官 | 1 型胶原酶:0.2% | 基础培养基 | Chiu, M., Li, C., Yu, Y., Liu, X., Huang, J., Wan, Z., Yuen, K. and Zhou, J. Establishing Bipotential Human Lung Organoid Culture System and Differentiation to Generate Mature Alveolar and Airway Organoids. Bio Protoc 13, e4657, 2023 |
| 人类 | 脑类器官 | PDS 试剂盒:详见参考文献 | 磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS) | Velasco, S., Kedaigle, A., Simmons, S., Nash, A., Rocha, M., Quadrato, G., Paulsen, B., Nguyen, L., Adiconis, X., Regev, A., Levin, J. and Arlotta, P. Individual Brain Organoids Reproducibly Form Cell Diversity of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Nature 570, 523-527, 2019 |
| 人类 | 大脑类器官 | PDS 试剂盒:详见参考文献 | 磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS) | Schr?ter, M., Wang, C., Terrigno, M., Hornauer, P., Huang, Z., Jagasia, R. and Hierlemann, A. Functional Imaging of Brain Organoids Using High-Density Microelectrode Arrays. MRS Bull Vol. 47, 530-544, 2022 |
| 人类(胚胎) | 肺类器官 | 中性蛋白酶:24 u/ml | DMEM/F12 培养基 | Nikoli?, M., Caritg, O., Jeng, Q., Johnson, J., Sun, D., Howell, K., Brady, J., Laresgoiti, U., Allen, G., Butler, R., Zilbauer, M., Giangreco, A. and Rawlins, E. Human Embryonic Lung Epithelial Tips are Multipotent Progenitors that can be Expanded In vitro as Long-term Self-renewing Organoids. Elife 6, 2017 |
| I 型脱氧核糖核酸酶:0.001% | ||||
| 人类 | 结直肠癌类器官 | 4 型胶原酶:0.25% | DMEM/F-12 培养基 | Marinucci, M., Ercan, C., Taha-Mehlitz, S., Fourie, L., Panebianco, F., Bianco, G., Gallon, J., Staubli, S., Soysal, S., Zettl, A., Rauthe, S., Vosbeck, J., Droeser, R., Bolli, M., Peterli, R., Flüe, M., Ng, C., Kollmar, O., Coto-Llerena, M. and Piscuoglio, S. Standardizing Patient-Derived Organoid Generation Workflow to Avoid Microbial Contamination From Colorectal Cancer Tissues. Front Oncol Vol. 11, 781833, 2021 |
| I 型脱氧核糖核酸酶:0.01% | ||||
| 透明质酸酶:0.002% | ||||
| 人类 | 视网膜类器官 | PDS 试剂盒:详见参考文献 | DMEM 培养基 | Tresenrider, A., Sridhar, A., Eldred, K., Cuschieri, S., Hoffer, D., Trapnell, C. and Reh, T. Single-cell Sequencing of Individual Retinal Organoids Reveals Determinants of Cell Fate Heterogeneity. bioRxiv, 2023 |
| 人类 | 脑类器官 | 木瓜蛋白酶:20 u/ml | 平衡盐溶液(EBSS) | Lisowski, P., Lickfett, S., Rybak-Wolf, A., Menacho, C. and Le, S. Mutant Huntingtin Impairs Neurodevelopment in Human Brain Organoids through CHCHD2-mediated Neurometabolic Failure. Nat Commun 15, 7027, 2024 |
| I 型脱氧核糖核酸酶:0.005% | ||||
| 人类 | 大脑类器官 | 木瓜蛋白酶:20 u/ml | DMEM/F12 培养基 | Geest, A., Jakobs, C., Ljubikj, T., Huffels, C., Luna, M., Sá, R., Adolfs, Y., Wit, M., Rutten, D., Kaal, M., Zwartkruis, M., Carcolé, M., Groen, E., Hol, E., Basak, O., Isaacs, A., Westeneng, H., Berg, L., Veldink, J., Schlegel, D. and Pasterkamp, R. Molecular Pathology, Developmental Changes, and Synaptic Dysfunction in (pre-) Symptomatic Human C9ORF72-ALS/FTD Cerebral Organoids. Acta Neuropathol Commun Vol. 12, 152, 2024 |
| I 型脱氧核糖核酸酶:0.01% | ||||
| 人类 | 干细胞来源视网膜类器官 | PDS 试剂盒:详见参考文献 | 平衡盐溶液(EBSS) | Xue, Y., Seiler, M., Tang, W., Wang, J., Delgado, J., McLelland, B., Nistor, G., Keirstead, H. and Browne, A. Retinal Organoids On-a-Chip: a Micro-Millifluidic Bioreactor for Long-term Organoid Maintenance. Lab Chip 21, 3361-3377, 2021 |
| 人类 | 肠道类器官 | 4 型胶原酶:0.2% | RPMI 培养基 | Gamero-Estevez, E., Hensel, I., Steinhauer, M., Müllertz, O., Savochkina, E., Sektioglu, I., Stoll, B., Derakhshani, S., Devriese, S., Kim, K. and Resnik-Docampo, M. Protocol for Immune Cell Isolation, Organoid Generation, and Co-culture Establishment from Cryopreserved Whole Human Intestine. Bio Protoc 15, e5157, 2025 |
| I 型脱氧核糖核酸酶:0.015% | ||||
| 小鼠(8-12 周) | 胰腺类器官 | 中性蛋白酶:0.012% | DMEM 培养基 | Huch, M., Bonfanti, P., Boj, S., Sato, T., Loomans, C., Van de Wetering, M., Sojoodi, M., Li, V., Schuijers, J., Gracanin, A., Ringnalda, F., Begthel, H., Hamer, K., Mulder, J., Van Es, J. and De Koning, E. Unlimited In Vitro Expansion of Adult Bi-Potent Pancreas Progenitors Through the Lgr5/R-Spondin Axis. EMBO J 32, 2708-21, 2013 |
| 胶原酶:0.012% | ||||
| 小鼠 | 结肠肿瘤类器官 | 1 型胶原酶:0.2% | 磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS) | Klemke, L., Blume, J., Oliveira, T. and Schulz-Heddergott, R. Preparation and Cultivation of Colonic and Small Intestinal Murine Organoids Including Analysis of Gene Expression and Organoid Viability. Bio Protoc 12, e4298, 2022 |
| 小鼠(胚胎) | 肺类器官 | 中性蛋白酶:24 u/ml | DMEM/F12 培养基 | Nikoli?, M., Caritg, O., Jeng, Q., Johnson, J., Sun, D., Howell, K., Brady, J., Laresgoiti, U., Allen, G., Butler, R., Zilbauer, M., Giangreco, A. and Rawlins, E. Human Embryonic Lung Epithelial Tips are Multipotent Progenitors that can be Expanded In vitro as Long-term Self-renewing Organoids. Elife 6, 2017 |
| I 型脱氧核糖核酸酶:0.001% | ||||
| 小鼠 | 类器官培养物 | 干细胞解离酶 1:0.1% | 磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS) | Huang, L., Desai, R., Conrad, D., Leite, N., Akshinthala, D., Lim, C., Gonzalez, R., Muthuswamy, L., Gartner, Z. and Muthuswamy, S. Commitment and Oncogene-induced Plasticity of Human Stem Cell-derived Pancreatic Acinar and Ductal Organoids. Cell Stem Cell Vol. 28, 1090-1104.e6, 2021 |
| 小鼠 | 肠道类器官 | 4 型胶原酶:500 u/ml | 基础培养基 | O'Rourke, K., Ackerman, S., Dow, L. and Lowe, S. Isolation, Culture, and Maintenance of Mouse Intestinal Stem Cells. Bio Protoc 6, 2016 |
| I 型脱氧核糖核酸酶:15 u/ml | ||||
| 小鼠 | 结肠肿瘤类器官 | 4 型胶原酶:200 u/ml | DMEM 培养基 | Xue, X. and Shah, Y. In Vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors. J Vis Exp, e50210, 2013 |
| 中性蛋白酶:0.01% | ||||
| 小鼠 | 肠道类器官 | 1 型胶原酶:800 u/ml | DMEM 培养基 | Barthel, E., Speer, A., Levin, D., Sala, F., Hou, X., Torashima, Y., Wigfall, C. and Grikscheit, T. Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model. J Vis Exp 70, e4279, 2012 |
| 中性蛋白酶:0.013% | ||||
| 小鼠(成年) | 类器官 | 4 型胶原酶:200-300 u/ml | DMEM 培养基 | Neal, J,, Li ,X., Zhu, J., Giangarra, V., Grzeskowiak, C., Ju, J., Liu, I. Chiou, S., Salahudeen, A. and Smith, A. et al. Organoid Modeling of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cell 175, 1972, 2018 |
| 小鼠 | 乳腺类器官 | 1 型胶原酶:0.2% | DMEM/F12 培养基 | Charifou, E., Sumbal, J., Koledova, Z., Li, H. and Chiche, A. A Robust Mammary Organoid System to Model Lactation and Involution-like Processes. Bio Protoc 11, e3996, 2021 |
| 胰蛋白酶:0.2% |
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